| Isoniazid | 异烟肼 |
| Brand names | 商标名 |
| Nydrazid® | Nydrazid® |
| Other names | 别名 |
| INH | INH |
| CLINICAL APPLICATION | 临床应用 |
| Isoniazid is used alone or with other drugs to treat tuberculosis （TB） and to prevent it in people who have had contact with tuberculosis bacteria. It eliminates only active （growing） bacteria. Since the bacteria may exist in a resting （nongrowing） state for long periods, therapy with isoniazid （and other antituberculosis drugs） must be continued for a long time （usually 6–12 months）. This medication is sometimes prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information. |
异烟肼可单独或与其他药物配合使用结核病（TB），或供结核病菌接触者预防用。异烟肼只消灭活性（生长）细菌。由于细菌可在休眠状态下存活很久，用异烟肼（和其他抗结核药物）治疗时必须持续一段时间（通常是6-12个月）。 本药也可用于其他目的，因此可咨询医生或药剂师以获取更多信息。 |
| Isoniazid may cause severe and sometimes fatal liver damage. Tell your doctor if you have or have ever had liver disease or a history of alcoholism or injection drug use. Keep all appointments with your doctor and the laboratory. Your doctor will order certain lab tests to check your response to isoniazid.If you experience any of the following symptoms, call your doctor immediately: excessive tiredness, weakness, lack of energy, loss of appetite, upset stomach, vomiting, dark yellow or brown urine, and yellowing of the skin or eyes. | 异烟肼可导致严重的，有时是致命的肝损害。如有肝病或得过肝病，或有酗酒或注射毒品史者，应告知医生。保留与医生或实验室的所有预约单，医生开出一定的实验室化验单，检查病人的异烟肼反应，如出现下列症状，应立即通知医生：过度疲劳、虚弱、无力、食欲不振、胃不适、呕吐、小便焦黄或褐色，皮肤或眼睛发黄。 |
| USES | 用法用量 |
| Isoniazid comes as a tablet and a syrup to take by mouth. It usually is taken once a day, on an empty stomach, 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals. However, if isoniazid causes an upset stomach, it may be taken with food. Take isoniazid exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor. | 异烟肼有片剂和糖浆两种，口服。通常一天一次，饭前1小时或饭后两小时空腹服用。如引起胃部不适，也可与食物同服。严格按说明服用，剂量、次数不得超过医生处方规定。 |
| WARNINGS | 注意事项 |
| Before taking isoniazid, l tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to isoniazid or any other drugs. l tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications you are taking, especially acetaminophen （Tylenol）, antacids, carbamazepine （Tegretol）, disulfiram （Antabuse）, ketoconazole （Nizoral）, phenytoin （Dilantin）, theophylline, valproic acid （Depakene, Depakote）, and vitamins. l tell your doctor if you have or have ever had kidney disease; diabetes; tingling, burning, and pain in the fingers or toes （peripheral neuropathy）; or human immunodeficiency virus （HIV）. l tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. If you become pregnant while taking isoniazid, call your doctor. Be aware that you should not drink alcoholic beverages while taking this drug. |
服用异烟肼前，有下列情形者，须告诉医生和药剂师: l 对异烟肼或其他药物过敏； l 在服用处方或非处方药，特别是扑热息痛（泰诺林）、制酸剂、卡马西平（得理多）、双硫仑（安塔布司）、酮康唑（里素劳片）、苯妥英（狄兰汀）、茶碱、丙戊酸（2丙基醋酸钠、双丙戊酸钠）和维生素； l 有或曾能肾病、糖尿病、麻刺感、灼痛、手指脚趾痛（外周神经病变）或HIV； l 妊娠或计划妊娠，或服药期间怀孕。 注意在服药期间不应饮用酒精性饮料。 |
| DIETARY INSTRUCTIONS | 饮食 |
| Unless your doctor tells you otherwise, continue your normal diet. | 正常饮食。除非医生另有说明。 |
| SIDE EFFECTS | 副作用 |
| Although side effects from isoniazid are not common, they can occur. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away: l diarrhea l vision problems If you experience any of the following symptoms or those listed in CLINICAL APPLICATIONS, call your doctor immediately: l eye pain l numbness or tingling in the hands and feet l skin rash l fever l swollen glands l sore throat l unusual bleeding or bruising l stomach pains or tenderness |
有副作用，但不常见。 如下列症状严重、持续不退，应告诉医生： l 腹泻 l 视力问题 如出现下列或临床应用所述症状，应立即电话通知医生： l 眼痛 l 手、脚麻木或刺痛 l 皮疹 l 发烧 l 腺体肿大 l 咽喉痛 l 异常出血或青肿 l 胃痛或压痛 |
| OTHER INFORMATION | 其他信息 |
| Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of reach of children. Store it at room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture （not in the bathroom）. Throw away any medication that is outdated or no longer needed. Talk to your pharmacist about the proper disposal of your medication. | 药物放在原先药盒内，密封，放在儿童不及之处。常温存放，避免过热或潮（不应放在浴室）。过期或不要的药品就及时处理。药品处理可咨询药剂师。 |
| Take the missed dose as soon as you remember it. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one. | 想起时及时补服。如已接近下次服用时间，则不补服。继续按正常服药计划用药。服药时不要加倍剂量补充漏服。 |
| In case of overdose, call your local poison control center. If the victim has collapsed or is not breathing, call local emergency services at 119. | 一旦过量，因打电话给当地的中毒控制中心，如病人虚脱或呼吸停止，就立即呼叫当地119急救中心。 |
| If you have diabetes, do not use Clinitest to test your urine for sugar because isoniazid can cause false results in this test. Ask your pharmacist any questions you have about refilling your prescription. |
如有糖尿病，不要使用尿中还原物检查剂检查尿糖。因异烟肼可致检验结果虚假。 有关问题可在再次配药时询问药剂师。 |